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      年國際生物多樣性日主題生物多樣性與氣候變化

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      年國際生物多樣性日主題生物多樣性與氣候變化

      國際生物多樣性日 國際生物多樣性日

      生物多樣性公約秘書處非常高興地宣布:2007年5月22日,即國際生物多樣性日關注的焦點將是“生物多樣性與氣候變化”。

      TheSecretariatoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversityispleasedtoannouncethefocusofthe2007InternationalDayforBiologicalDiversity(IBD),22May,willbeon:

      BiodiversityandClimateChange

      Thiscomplementsthedesignationof2007astheInternationalPolarYearandcoincideswithUNEP’SWorldEnvironmentDaythemeofClimateChange.Lectures,seminars,filmpresentations,culturalevents,exhibitionsandschooloutreachactivitiesarejustsomesuggestionsthatyoumaywishtoimplementtohelpdrawattentiontooneofthemostcriticalissuesfacingourplanettoday.

      FacingClimateChange

      Sincethemid-1800sglobaltemperatureshaveincreasedbyabout0.6°C,impactingtheentireworld,fromlow-lyingislandsinthetropicstothevastPolarRegions.DuringthelastCentury:

      1.thelargestglacieronMountKenyahaslost92%ofitsmass,

      2.sealevelshaverisenby10-25cm,and

      3.thethicknessofseaiceinthearctichasdecreasedby40%.

      Currentclimatechangepredictionsarenotencouraging;theyestimatefurtherincreasesintemperaturesof1.4°Cto5.8°Cby2100.

      Predictedimpactsfromatemperatureincreaseofonly2.5°Cinclude:

      1.210millionmorepeopleatriskfrommalaria,

      2.upto3.1billionmorepeoplesufferingfromwaterscarcity,and

      3.50millionmorepeoplefacinghunger.

      Evenifallhumansourcesofgreenhousegasemissionsarestoppedimmediately,theimpactsofclimatechangewouldcontinuefor50years.

      TheNewGreatThreattoBiodiversity

      Climatechangeisalreadyforcingbiodiversitytoadapteitherthroughshiftinghabitat,changinglifecycles,orthedevelopmentofnewphysicaltraits.Impactsalreadyobservedinclude:

      1.Coralbleaching,causedbyincreasedseatemperatures,iscausingdie-offsamongstcoralreefcommunitiesfromAustraliatotheCaribbean.

      2.TheCommonMurrehasadvancedbreedingby24daysperdecadeoverthepast50yearsinresponsetohighertemperatures.

      3.TheBaltimoreorioleisshiftingnorthwardandmaysoondisappearentirelyfromtheBaltimorearea.

      4.Polarbearpopulationsarecomingunderthreatasfoodbecomeshardertohunt.

      Otherspecieswillfacemoreunusualchallenges.Thesexofseaturtlehatchlings,forexample,istemperaturedependentwithwarmertemperaturesincreasingthenumberoffemaleseaturtlesattheexpenseofmales.

      Thosespeciesthatareunabletoadaptarefacingextinction.Infact,predictionsestimatethatupto1millionspeciesmaybecomeextinctasaresultofclimatechangeincludingBoyd’sforestdragonandBrazil’sVirolasebiferatree.

      TherecentlyextinctGoldenToadandGastricBroodingFroghavealreadybeenlabeledasthefirstvictimsofclimatechange.

      TheBiodiversitySafetyNet

      Thelinksbetweenbiodiversityandclimatechangerunbothways:biodiversityisthreatenedbyhuman-inducedclimatechangebut,biodiversityresourcescanreducetheimpactsofclimatechangeonpeopleandproduction:

      1.theconservationofhabitatscanreducetheamountofCO2releasedintotheatmosphere.Currentlydeforestationisestimatedtoberesponsiblefor20%ofhuman-inducedCO2emissions,

      2.conservingcertainspeciessuchasmangrovesanddroughtresistantcropscanreducethedisastrousimpactsofclimatechangeeffectssuchasfloodingandfamine,and

      3.theconservationandsustainableuseofbiodiversitycanstrengthenecosystemresilience,improvingtheabilityofecosystemstoprovidecriticalservicesinthefaceofincreasingclimaticpressures.

      Usingbiodiversityresourcestomitigateoradapttoclimatechangeisofparticularimportancetovulnerablepopulationssuchaspeoplelivinginlow-lyingareasordevelopingcountriesandindigenouscommunities.

      RespondingActions

      Giventheimportanceofclimatechange-biodiversitylinks,itisimportantto:

      1.conservebiodiversitythatisespeciallysensitivetoclimatechange,

      2.preservehabitatssoastofacilitatethelong-termadaptationofbiodiversity,

      3.improveourunderstandingofclimatechange–biodiversitylinkages,and

      4.fullyintegratebiodiversityconsiderationsintomitigationandadaptationplans.

      22May2007–ClimateChangeandBiodiversityHaveTheirDay

      Climatechangetouchesthelivesofpeopleandbiodiversityineverycountry.

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