前言:想要寫出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章嗎?我們特意為您整理了5篇英語諺語帶翻譯范文,相信會為您的寫作帶來幫助,發現更多的寫作思路和靈感。
Early mi stakes are the seeds of future trouble,早期的錯誤可以釀成日后的麻煩。
Early sow, early mow.早早栽種,早早收割。
Improve your time and your time will improve you.善用時間,才會隨著時間進
In youth the hours are go I den in mature years they are silver, in old age they are leaden.青年時代是黃金,壯年時代是白銀,老年時代是灰錯。(leaden:錯灰色的).
It is only the idle that are wretched.虛度光陰的人最可憐。
It is the tooth I ess animal that arrives first at the base of the fruit tree, to eat his fill before others arrive,無牙的動物會先到果樹下,趁其他動物未抵達前先吃。
It is too I ate for a galloping horse to stop at a clip; it is use I ess for a sinking boat to be mended in the middle of a river,馬到懸崖收緩晚,船至江心補漏遲。(gallop:飛跑,奔跑)。
It is too I ate to cast anchor when the ship is on the rock.錯過時機再補救,為時已晚。
It is too I ate to grieve when the chance is past.錯失良機,后悔已遲。
It is too I ate to lock the stable door when the steed is stolen.賊走關門,為時已晚。
Early start makes easy stages.事早行,易順遂。
Easy come, easy go.來得容易去得快。//來得快去得快。
Employ your time well if you meanest to get I e i sure.善用時間,方有閑日叚。
Every minute counts.分秒必爭。
He that does his turn in time, sits half idle.守時者能悠哉等待。
He that gains time gains all things.獲得時間就是獲得一切。
He that has time has life.有時間,就有生活。
He that rises I ate, must trot all day.起床起得晚,整天忙不完。(trot:小跑 著走,急匆匆地走)
He that will thrive must rise at five,五更起床,百事興旺。
what would you do if you failed? many people may choose to give up. however, the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick to your goal.
on your way to success, you must keep your direction. it is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and helping you overcome obstacles on your way. otherwise, you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.
direction means objectives. you can get nowhere without an objective in life.
you can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve it. in this way, you will know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly. and you should also have a belief that you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.
翻譯:
如果失敗了你會怎么做?很多人可能會選擇放棄。然而,要想成功,最可靠的方法就是堅持你的方向和目標。
在通往成功的路上,你必須堅持你的方向。它就像一盞燈,在黑暗中為你指路,幫助你度過難關。否則,你很容易就會迷失方向或猶豫不前。
However, what is the dream? What is dream? Dream is looking forward to, and the dream is strong - is fleeting dream you insist on the ideal as their courage and perseverance, are you responsible for their own highest level. But ask yourself, how many of us to accomplish his original dream in mind?
Our dream is a simple belief, is a future and life of their own responsibility. Perhaps, is the Youth
grand ambitions; perhaps, is the adolescent confusion and impulsive; maybe just a plain desire, desire applause, eager for success. Countless "may," innumerable "hope" because of our youthful full of miracles, large and small dreams in our hearts, in every corner of life filled with fragrance.
Only the ideal but no effort is useless. If you want to be a teacher, you should to study hard. If you want to be a player, you should do more exercises. If you want to become a businessman, he should learn to get along with people. For example, my wish is to be a famous writer grew up, because I really love writing, so from now on, I should read more, more accumulate knowledge, and strive to improve writing level. No pains, no gains, because my efforts, so my article was punished in many newspapers , and in many composition contest, I see the success I'm happy, so, struggle is the bridge to the ideal.
Yes, my dream. to give my famliy a warm, give my friend happy. Yes, my dream. The podium from the first station began his love this place, started from the first published an article looking forward to the world of words, decided to stay here from the beginning, stick to bottom of my heart desire.
Years in our faces no matter how many additional traces, no matter how much things to us across the chest wounds, as long as we have the right to breathe, to have a passion for remodeling dreams! Oxygen to survive as long as we have to have the courage to create a passion!
Choose to continue, select the value, select the achievements of the passion of life, the brave hearts of the initial dream of success!
海闊憑魚躍,天高任鳥飛。每個人都懷揣著一個屬于自己的夢想。
然而,什么是夢?什么又是夢想?夢是期待,而夢想是堅強--是你把飄渺的夢堅持作為自己理想的勇氣和執著,是你對自己負責的最高境界。但捫心自問,我們有多少人能夠成就自己心中最初的夢想?
我們的夢想,是一個簡單的信念,是一份對自己未來與生命的責任。也許,是二十歲的豪情壯志;也許,是青春期的迷茫與沖動;也許只是一份平淡的渴望,渴望掌聲,渴望成功。無數的“可能”,無數的“希望”,因為我們的青春歲月充滿奇跡,我們心中大大小小的夢,在生活的每一個角落里芬芳彌漫。
是的,我的夢想。一份從一而終的守望--給我的學生希望,給我的讀者溫暖,給我的愛人幸福。是的,我的夢想。從第一次站上講臺開始迷戀這個地方,從第一次發表文章開始憧憬文字世界,從決定留在這里開始,堅守心底的渴望。
A, can sense light, can detect light and shade of the surrounding environment;
Second, the eyes see clearly, then you can go faster;
Third, see clearly, can avoid hitting something;
Eyes still has a lot of good, I will give three examples, urge everyone with eyes, please pay attention to your health, don't make the mistake I.
誰都知道眼睛是心靈的窗戶,可是誰曾經注意用眼衛生呢?只有視力下降了才追悔莫及,我就是一個典例。我以前也是不注意我的眼睛導致現在眼睛視力飛速下降。我上網查了一下眼睛的作用,嘿!還真不少。
一、可以感知光線,可以探測周圍環境的明暗;
二、眼睛看得清楚,才可以走的更快;
【關鍵詞】 代謝綜合征;胰島素抵抗;高敏C反應蛋白
Study on association of insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the association of insulin resistance (IR) and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS),and to explore the role of inflammatory markers in the development of IR in these patients. Methods 31 patients with MS were enrolled into study group,among of them,19 were male,and 12 were female,their average age was (60.8±6.2)y. The control group were made of 20 normal volunteers. The blood levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP),fibrinogen (Fig),fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin,and plasma lipids were measured respectively in all the patients and normal subjects,and then,the insulin sensitive index was calculated. Differences of the levels of the fasting blood inflammatory markers between the two groups were compared,and the relative analyses between the Hs-CRP,Fig,blood lipid and ISI were made,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,the ISI of the MS group was significantly lower,but the levels of Hs-CRP and Fig were significantly higher. Multi-linear regression showed that,in MS group,the Hs-CRP,Fig,TG were inversely correlated with ISI,respectively(r=-0.429,P<0.01; r=-0.312,P<0.05; r= -0.219,P<0.05,respectively). Conclusion (1)There are IR and abnomal blood Hs-CRP level in patients with MS.(2)It can be hypothesized that the chronic inflammatory state may be a further feature of the metabolic syndrome.(3)The inflammatory reactions may play an important role in the development of IR in patients with MS.
【Key words】 metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
有研究表明,血漿高敏C反應蛋白不但是炎癥反應標記物,它還能通過影響脂蛋白代謝、激活補體、促進巨噬細胞的吞噬功能、刺激單核細胞表面的組織因子表達等機制,參與動脈粥樣硬化的發生、發展,是動脈粥樣硬化發生的獨立危險因素和預示因子之一[1,2]。代謝綜合征(MS)是一組包括高血壓、高脂血癥、向心性肥胖、糖耐量減低、胰島素抵抗、高胰島素血癥、高游離脂肪酸血癥、高尿酸血癥及微量白蛋白尿、纖溶和凝血功能異常、血栓前狀態等致動脈粥樣硬化危險因素癥候群。胰島素抵抗可能是代謝綜合征的主要發病機制[3,4],而胰島素抵抗發生的原因目前尚不清楚。代謝綜合征患者胰島素抵抗與炎癥反應標記物變化之間的關系研究報道較少。本研究應用靈敏度較高的免疫比濁法測定血漿高敏C反應蛋白水平,以探討代謝綜合征患者血漿高敏C反應蛋白水平與胰島素抵抗之間的關系。
1 對象與方法
1.1 觀察對象 選取我院2002年2月~2004年2月門診或住院代謝綜合征患者31例,男19例,女12例,平均年齡(60.8±6.2)歲。另外,在我院體檢的健康者,經檢查未發現異常者,作為正常對照組(20例),年齡、性別與代謝綜合征組患者匹配。代謝綜合征組(MS)的診斷標準[5]:患者具備以下4項組成成分中3項或全部,就可以診斷代謝綜合征: (1)超重和/或肥胖:體重指數(BMI)≥25kg/m2;(2)高血糖:空腹血糖≥6.1mmol/L及/或餐后2h血糖≥7.8mmol/L,及/或已確診為糖尿病并治療者;(3)高血壓:收縮壓/舒張壓≥140/90mmHg,及/或已確診為高血壓并治療者;(4)血脂紊亂:空腹血甘油三酯(TG)≥1.7mmol/L,及/或空腹血高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)<0.9 mmol/L(男)或<1.0 mmol/L(女)。所有入選者均經詢問病史,測空腹及OGTT服糖后2h血糖證實,排除2型糖尿病;通過詳詢病史、體格檢查、常規生化、心電圖檢查排除繼發性高血壓和心、腦、腎及肝臟等器官的嚴重并發癥;排除影響脂質代謝的垂體、甲狀腺等內分泌疾病及免疫性和腫瘤性疾病;既往未經調脂、降糖、減肥藥治療;抽血前24h未飲酒,未做劇烈運動。
1.2 研究方法 研究對象禁食12h后于次日清晨空腹采集靜脈血,分離血清。空腹血糖(FBG)采用葡萄糖氧化酶法測定;纖維蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fig)采用比濁法測定;采用酶法在Backman公司全自動生化儀上測定甘油三脂(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)的濃度;清除法測血清高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)濃度。按Friedewald 公式計算血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)濃度: LDL- C (mmol/L)=TC- HDL- C -TG/2.2(當TG
1.3 統計學方法 用SPSS 10.0統計軟件進行分析。計量資料數據以均數±標準差(x±s)來表示。主要檢測指標均進行正態性檢驗。某些偏態分布計量資料經對數轉換后達到近似正態分布,再進行統計分析。如ISI在分析時即取其自然對數值Ln[1/(FBG×FINS)][4]。兩組之間比較用t檢驗,相關趨勢變量進行直線相關檢驗。采用雙側P值
2 結果
2.1 兩組炎癥反應標志物水平和胰島素敏感性指數比較 代謝綜合征組的ISI較正常健康對照組明顯下降(P<0.05);血漿高敏C反應蛋白、纖維蛋白原水平等明顯升高(P<0.05)。見表1。 表1 兩組炎癥反應標志物水平和胰島素敏感性指數比較結果注:與對照組比較,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
2.2 兩組血脂指標情況比較 見表2。表2 兩組血脂情況比較
2.3 MS組炎癥標志物及血脂水平間單因素相關分析結果 在MS組,以ISI為因變量,以Fig、Hs-CRP、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、ApoA、ApoB為自變量,分別進行直線相關分析,結果:ISI與HDL呈正相關,與Fig,Hs-CRP呈負相關,與TG、TC、LDL、ApoA、ApoB等無相關。見表3。表3 ISI與MS組炎癥標志物及血脂水平間單因素相關分析結果
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3 討論
代謝綜合征作為一種重要的疾病實體,它與糖尿病、冠心病有著極為密切的聯系,已成為預防糖尿病和冠心病的重點對象。本研究表明,代謝綜合征患者組胰島素敏感性指數明顯降低,說明代謝綜合征患者存在著胰島素抵抗。胰島素抵抗是指一定量的胰島素產生生物學效應低于預計正常水平,即胰島素在促進葡萄糖攝取及利用方面受損。大量證據[4]表明:胰島素抵抗可能是血脂代謝異常、高胰島素血癥等代謝綜合征成分的共同發病基礎,是冠心病、糖尿病發生、發展的重要危險因素。而胰島素抵抗發生的原因目前尚不清楚。慢性炎癥是動脈粥樣硬化發生、發展的一個重要危險因素和組成部分[7]。Hs-CRP是慢性炎癥的一個重要標志物,它是由Tillett等發現的能和肺炎鏈球菌細胞壁C多糖結合的蛋白質,也是一種炎癥時在細胞因子如IL-6誘導下,由人體肝臟合成和分泌的一種典型的急性期反應蛋白。血漿中Hs-CRP濃度在急性心肌梗死、創傷、感染、炎癥、手術、腫瘤浸潤等情況下迅速、顯著地增高。它與人類IgGl重鏈的CH3區、補體C1及某些HLA抗原的氨基酸序列有相似之處,具有與IgG和補體相似的調理和凝集作用,能促進巨噬細胞的吞噬功能,還具有刺激單核細胞表面的組織因子表達及其他免疫調節功能等。Hs-CRP作為一種經典的急性時相蛋白,臨床上主要是將其作為判斷炎癥產生、消退的指標而進行檢測,其水平增高是體內炎癥的敏感指標。但是近年來,Hs-CRP在動脈粥樣硬化(AS)疾病方面的應用成為一個新的熱點,有學者認為Hs-CRP是一個被低估而未被充分利用的臨床指標,是心血管疾病的獨立危險因子[8]。因為,增高的Hs-CRP 除了作為機體炎癥反應的標志外,還可能通過激活單核細胞、粒細胞、補體系統以及與粘附分子相互作用,造成血管內膜損傷而促進動脈粥樣硬化的發生發展。我們通過對慢性炎癥重要標志物Hs-CRP在代謝綜合征患者的變化及胰島素抵抗發生原因的探討,發現代謝綜合征患者Hs-CRP水平顯著高于對照組,提示代謝綜合征存在炎癥反應,即代謝綜合征可能是一種慢性炎癥。相關分析顯示Hs-CRP與ISI之間存在顯著相關性,提示代謝綜合征患者Hs-CRP升高與胰島素抵抗之間存在密切關系。Pickup等的研究發現有胰島素抵抗表現的2型糖尿病患者與無明顯胰島素抵抗表現的2型糖尿病患者血清Hs-CRP水平具有顯著差異,提示胰島素抵抗可能是2型糖尿病Hs-CRP增高的主要因素。實驗表明,作為炎癥指標的Hs-CRP與巨噬細胞、平滑肌細胞和內皮細胞的活化、增殖密切相關,這種Hs-CRP與胰島素抵抗的相關性可能是代謝綜合征患者易形成冠心病的原因之一。
同Hs-CRP一樣,血漿Fig也是一種急性相反應蛋白,是慢性炎癥的標志物之一[9]。本研究發現代謝綜合征組Fig水平高于對照組,進一步說明了代謝綜合征可能是一種慢性炎癥。近年來,大量臨床和流行病學研究資料亦證實了血漿Fig水平增高是冠心病的獨立危險因子。Fig及其降解產物能刺激血管平滑肌細胞增生、遷移;增加血液的粘稠度,減緩血液流動,加速動脈粥樣硬化損傷,從而可能參與動脈粥樣硬化的病理過程的初始階段[10]。因此,代謝綜合征患者除了控制血糖、血脂、改善胰島素抵抗和血壓等危險因素以外,臨床上還應克服或減輕代謝綜合征患者的慢性炎癥狀態,即降低Hs-CRP及Fig水平,以防止代謝綜合征患者心腦血管事件等并發病的發生。本研究由于樣本量小,要確切闡述代謝綜合征患者胰島素抵抗與Hs-CRP及其他炎癥因子的內在聯系及機制,尚有待進一步研究。
參考文獻
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