展示技術
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展示技術范文第1篇
服務器
惠普
惠普的BladeSystem C-Class刀片服務器系統使用了能量智控這一關鍵技術以實現節能降耗，通過內置的儀器對刀片機箱內的能耗和散熱情況進行精確地監控，并對電源和散熱的分配進行調節。
HP Integrity服務器的虛擬化和整合技術可以大幅節省電源和散熱成本，并且還提供了新的電源管理技術，如面向ProLiant產品的電流調節器，可以在不影響性能的前提下應對能耗挑戰。
此外，惠普的動態智能散熱技術能夠讓數據中心的成本降低20%～45%，并將二氧化碳的年排放量減少18000噸;模塊化散熱系統可以將一個機架的標準散熱能力提升到原來的3倍，也就是30千瓦；借助惠普電流限定技術，用戶還可以將服務器密度提高40%。
戴爾
戴爾的PowerEdge M1000e是一款高度模塊化的刀片服務器，該產品采用了FlexIO技術，擁有比其上一代刀片服務器更多的I/O插槽，可對I/O架構進行靈活高效的升級和擴展。因此，用戶只需要添加級聯或堆疊模塊，即可完成對刀片服務器I/O能力的擴展。可以說，這種模塊化的設計簡化了用戶升級和優化系統的難度，同時也讓企業能靈活地應對業務上的各種變化，這對于企業來說就是一種資源的節約。
此外，戴爾的刀片服務器還采用了智能節能（Energy Smart）技術，并在高能效機柜、低能耗風扇和動態電源管理等方面都做了節能設計。以動態電源管理技術為例，該技術可以讓用戶自行設置電源功率的閥值，讓刀片服務器在用戶自己認可的功率范圍內工作，從而避免能源的不必要消耗。
聯想
聯想萬全R525是一款能夠詮釋節能環保理念的服務器，其支持聯想自有的LECOT能耗優化技術，產品采用高轉換效率的部件，以幫助服務器節省在電源轉換中消耗的電能；支持動態的按需供電技術，可以節省服務器空閑狀態下不必要的電能消耗，“1+1”熱插拔冗余電源模塊提供的高轉換效率能有效地降低系統功耗；通過偵測關鍵部件的工作狀況，實時地調節系統功耗和散熱量，以節省不必要的功率消耗，減少用戶在電能方面的投入，并大幅降低用戶運營成本。
此外，萬全R525配備有機柜規劃工具，該工具以機柜為單位精確地計算輸入功率、散熱量峰值及重量，能幫助用戶進行機柜供電、散熱及承重規劃，以降低整體機房固定資產擁有成本。
富士通
富士通的綠色刀片服務器FUJITSU PRIMERGY BX620S4采用了多方位的環保設計理念，該產品具有負載均衡、高可用性和高度的橫向可擴展性，這些無疑都提高了服務器的集成效率和使用效率，同時也大幅度降低了環境負荷。
此外，FUJITSU Systemwalker RCVE虛擬化管理軟件有效地減少了刀片服務器的系統管理工作量，降低了系統的總擁有成本。Systemwalker RCVE管理軟件只需要簡單的步驟即可將刀片服務器連接到現有的SAN環境中，這就簡化了SAN環境中服務器的管理難度，并降低了因人為錯誤造成的損失。與此同時，通過VMware HA及一臺共用的備用服務器，物理服務器和虛擬服務器可以自動恢復，這就讓虛擬化技術的節能優勢得到了更好的發揮。
浪潮
浪潮英信NF290D2是一款低功耗、穩定可靠、高性價比的2U雙路全能服務器，散熱系統、模塊化及熱插拔的冗余設計使其在有限的空間內實現了可靠性、可擴展性和高性能。
事實上，浪潮在服務器領域的綠色節能方面的設計主要包括以下三個方面:第一，在物理服務器上進行的設計，比如整個機箱風道的設計盡量利用物理或流體力學的方法，用盡量少的風扇和功耗達到同樣的散熱目的，并進一步地降低能耗；第二，采用高效的電源處理和電源管理，比如晚上12點服務器基本不工作，這時系統會自動降低電源消耗，如果白天是1000瓦，那么夜間則降到600瓦、500瓦或者更低；第三是管理，浪潮專門推出了一套基于業務的功率管理系統，其能夠實時地反映出業務情況的負載，并且反映出服務器的負載，還可以調整服務器業務的部署，甚至服務器的功耗情況。
交換機
惠普
HP ProCurve Switch 8212zl是惠普“綠色”交換機的代表，其是一款具備高性能和高可用的機箱式交換機平臺，支持統一的核心到邊緣適應性網絡解決方案;其平臺與軟件高可用性的特性，可以確保系統持續運行并提高網絡生產效率。
在降低能耗方面，HP ProCurve使用了各種節能技術，如LLDP-MED可變風扇等；盡可能采用基于機箱的交換機；在不工作的時候關閉PoE；根據實際應用選擇電源和UPS。
此外，HP ProCurve系列幾乎所有產品都提供終身保修、軟件升級、技術支持和第二工作日替換等免費服務，這些對于減少碳排放和節約成本起到了至關重要的作用，因為產品的使用壽命會因終身保修而延長，用戶就不用頻繁地更換設備，也不用再處理老設備帶來的電子廢料。
邁普
為了實現交換機的綠色節能，邁普應用了多種技術優化產品設計。首先，通過采用高性能的交錯式PFC控制技術提高交換機電源模塊的電源轉換效率，這將傳統的電源轉換效率從70%～80%提高到了85%。
其次，全面應用了以太板卡的以太端口休眠功能，對于不用的端口或者沒有數據傳輸的端口大幅降低了接口芯片的功耗，對于GE電口的8根網線全部傳輸數據時的高功耗也實現了有效的降低，當使用閑置端口休眠或不使用時，能夠降低40%左右的功耗。同時，采用高密度的業務板卡降低功耗，通過提高板卡的密度來降低單端口的功耗。
此外，大容量的主機、靈活的業務板卡升級功能設計延長了設備的使用壽命;優化的整機結構設計，加強了整機的散熱性能，豎插槽的設計則利用了自然散熱的原理大幅降低了散熱設備的功耗。
極進
極進網絡的BlackDiamond 8810是一款標準的萬兆核心交換機，作為服務網絡骨干或數據中心的核心交換機，其工作時間一般都是7×24小時，因此低能耗設計帶來的電力節省就相當可觀了。該設備可以安裝最多6個電源模塊，每個電源模塊功率為1200W，用戶可以根據需求靈活配置電源模塊數量，且所有的板卡均采用低能耗設計。
此外，BlackDiamond 8810采用了高可靠的模塊化交換機操作系統ExtremeXOS，同時也集成了一些節電環保特性，如支持PoE（以太網供電）接口模塊，這樣就可以自動地按時間計劃激活系統；休眠端口功能，例如下班時間PoE網絡端口可以按計劃自動休眠，停止為無線網AP或IP電話供電，上班時間再激活端口，從而進一步節省電力消耗。
存儲
UIT
UIT綠色存儲的核心是設計運行溫度更低的處理器和更有效率的系統，生產更低能耗的存儲系統或組件，降低產品所產生的二氧化碳，而其所應用的主要技術是MAID（Massive Arrays of Idle Disks，大規模非活動磁盤陣列存儲）――在正常狀態下所有的磁帶都放置在磁帶庫的槽位中，需要某盤磁帶時才將它放在磁帶機中，然后進行數據讀寫。而在大部分時間，大多數磁帶是處在非工作狀態的。
UIT BM3800B是UIT推出的一款具有MAID綠色存儲功能的光纖通道存儲設備，其在綠色節能方面具有以下幾個重要的功能和特點：磁盤或磁盤RAID組可以在沒有讀寫訪問時依據策略下電；下電磁盤自動按照策略進行故障檢查；磁盤在下電以后，一旦有讀寫請求，磁盤自動上電，RAID組可重新提供正常訪問；降低能耗，電能節約可達到30%；減少環境和管理成本；更長的磁盤使用壽命。
日立
日立認為，存儲基礎架構對能源的消耗是與磁盤數直接掛鉤的，而非儲存的數據量，所以容量的密度越大就意味著能耗效率越高，因此利用虛擬化來部署分層存儲和實施通用管理架構能夠大大提高資源的利用率。
日立的USP產品不僅配有基于控制器的虛擬化引擎，還可以將控制器與存儲介質相分離，允許企業將其直連式存儲系統、網絡附加式存儲系統和存儲區域網絡都整合到一個存儲平臺中，使用戶可以在短短幾秒鐘內將存儲空間分配（或解除分配）給某個應用。
此外，日立還基于USP V平臺在企業級虛擬層實現了Thin Provisioning(動態精細化預配置)功能：USP V與Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning(動態與配置)軟件的結合使用戶能夠在一個整合的解決方案中同時獲得外部存儲虛擬化的好處以及由Thin Provisioning帶來的電力和冷卻成本方面的優勢。
飛康
飛康在兩年前就與COPAN合作，將MAID（大規模非活動磁盤陣列）技術導入了VTL，這就節省了設備閑置時所消耗的電能；其新一代VTL具備重復數據刪除技術，可以幫助用戶節省大量備份所需的磁盤空間；IPStor具備的存儲資源按需分配（Thin Provisioning）功能，更將存儲資源的利用率從低于30%提高到80%以上，使用戶現有的存儲投資能得以繼續利用。
此外，飛康VTL企業版可以擴展遠程復制功能，用戶可以利用WAN廣域網絡將備份數據復制到遠程，并實現異地災備。在執行遠程復制時，本地和遠程的VTL會自動比對單一存儲區內有沒有相同數據，只有不重復的數據才會被復制并傳輸到遠程，這可以減少95%的網絡帶寬使用率。
SEPATON
SEPATON實現“綠色”存儲的關鍵技術手段主要是重復數據刪除、自動精簡配置及數據壓縮等，其中重復數據刪除和自動精簡配置最能大幅度削減能源消耗。SEPATON的DeltaStor軟件利用其“內容已知（ContentAware）”架構，以字節為單位進行全面的數據比較，以確保數據的完整性，并且在主要數據傳輸路徑之外執行重復數據刪除，使其性能不受影響。Deltastor軟件能提供多節點可擴展性，并可以處理PB級數據。
據悉，利用DeltaStor技術后，存儲數據占用的空間相比以前為1∶50，這樣就節約了高達62%的數據中心空間，以及85%的能源和散熱成本。同時，采用ContentAware架構，SEPATON為日后擴大容量、提高性能打下了基礎，在面臨數據中心需求不斷變化的情況下，可以有效地保護用戶已有的投資，避免造成浪費。
昆騰
據悉，Quantum DXi系列磁盤備份系統能夠在整個企業中擴大重復數據刪除技術的優勢，重復數據刪除技術可以使磁盤需求降低90%甚至更多。借助該技術還能夠實現快速備份和還原，并減少了對介質的使用，對電源和冷卻的要求也更低，整體數據保護和保留成本還相應降低。
Quantum DXi7500是一款高可用性企業磁盤備份系統，可以作為磁盤備份系統運行，在這種情況下，利用傳統的虛擬磁帶庫接口就能提供更高的吞吐量，同時也可以作為啟用了重復數據刪除功能的磁盤備份和遠程復制系統。
此外，DXi7500還擁有直接磁帶創建功能，讓用戶能夠將存儲在磁盤上的備份數據自動遷移到磁帶上以進行更長期的保留，而這一操作是在后臺進行的，因此對用戶的介質服務器或備份SAN沒有任何影響。
華賽
華賽將綠色環保的每一個細節都落實到了OceanStor磁盤陣列的產品設計中。
展示技術范文第2篇
關鍵詞 計算機軟件；移動設備；信息展示；多通道
Abstract 中圖分類號 TP 311文獻標識碼A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2011.01.022
Abstract An Overview of Mobile Information Presentation Techniques
關鍵詞 FENG LingQIAO Lin
(Department of Computer Science & Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100089，China)
【Abstract 】 The popularity of hand-held mobile devices is growing. Compared with traditional desktop computers, these mobile devices have distinct limitations, including tiny display, low resolution, scarce computing resources, bandwidth fluctuation, ad-hoc communication, voluntary disconnection, etc., presenting new challenges to mobile human-computer interaction. In this survey paper, we overview some recently developed techniques for diverse information presentation on mobile devices through visual, audio, and tactile channels.
【Key words】computer software; mobile device; information presentation; multi-channel
0 Introduction
Mobile devices have gained increasingly popularity due to its portability nature. People use these small mobile devices to manage personal information, do simple work with poor processing requirements, or remotely control PCs and computerized appliances [1]. Nowadays, the use of mobile devices has penetrated into the domains of education, business, military, etc.
Compared with traditional desktop computers, mobile devices have many limitations in terms of 1) small-sized display with poor resolution, few colors, and different width/height ratio from the normal setup; 2) constrained CPU processing and memory capacities; 3) slow connection with fluctuated bandwidth; and 4) unfriendly user input facilities (ordinarily used keyboard and handwriting demand lots of screen space, incurring quite inaccurate results) [2,3].
Due to these large differences, the classic desktop solutions cannot directly be adopted to mobile user interface design. [4,5] made a good summary of the main challenges in mobile human-computer interaction. In this study, we are particularly concerned about information presentation on mobile devices. After a brief description of the major challenges upon mobile information presentation, we overview some latest development of information presentation techniques for mobile devices through diverse channels including visual, audio, and tactile channels.
1 Main Challenges for Mobile Information Presentation
The inherent characteristics of mobile devices lead to the following design considerations for mobile information presentation.
-Mobile devices have limited interaction facilities. Constrained by small screen size, poor-quality sound output, and tiny keypad, no-handed or simple interaction operations during information presentation are always preferred. In line with human's perceptual and cognitive ``top-down" behavior, outputting the most useful or high-leveled information and then letting users decide whether or not to retrieve details further constitute a good strategy for information output [5].
-Mobile devices are portable. Users carrying mobile devices can enter multiple and dynamic contexts embedded with various sensors and networks. These unreliable or patchy sensors may also bring incomplete and varying context information. It would be desirable to permit users to configure output to their needs and preferences (e.g., content precision, text size, brightness, etc.) to tailor to the user's current environment [4,5].
-Mobile users have poor focus. User focus is a massive issue, as in a mobile environment, frequency of interruptions is likely to be much higher than on desktops. The information presentation process shall be easily stopped, started, and resumed with little or no effort to enable to switch user’s attention from the device to his/her activity itself. Besides, a multi-modality option via sound or tactile channel can be adopted to prevent user's too much attention in reading the content on mobile devices [5].
-Mobile devices have a widespread population. Simple user interface should be designed, because users often don't have any formal training in their technologies. Besides, it must allow for personalization, providing users the ability to change settings themselves. Also, the information presentation should be visually pleasing and fun as well as usable to offer enjoyment [5].
Among the challenges, one prototypical big problem facing mobile device user interface designers is how to effectively and efficiently present a large amount of information contents on tiny screens. The most common strategy on desktop computers with relatively large screens is using scrollable viewports that reveal a subpart of the data [6]. However, this strategy can hardly be applied to mobile devices, since people often use mobile devices on-the-go, making it difficult for them to drag scroll bars. In addition, as scrollable viewports present only a subpart of data while hiding most of the data, they provide very limited contextual information to users [6]. Therefore, many human-interface researchers are trying new methods to enable and enhance information presentation on mobile devices, utilizing visual, audio, and/or tactile channels. We review these great efforts in the following sections.
2 Information Presentation via Visual Channel
The ways to visually present contents vary from the types of contents (e.g., Web pages, texts, images, maps, or structured data, etc.) to be displayed [2].
2.1 Web Page Presentation
Mobile Web search receives great attention nowadays. Web contents, mostly designed for desktop computers, are badly suited for mobile devices [7,8]. Currently, the majority of commercially available mobile web browsers use single-column viewing mode to avoid horizontal scroll. But this approach tends to have much more vertical scrolls and destroys the layout of original view.
Based on small- and large-scaled user studies, [9,10] provided a list of general principles for Web page display. They are: 1) developing phone-based applications to enable direct and simple access to focused valuable contents; 2) trimming the page-to-page navigation down to a minimum; 3) providing more rather than less information for each search result; 4) using simple hierarchies which are similar to the phone menus that users are already familiar with; 5) adapting for vertical scrolling or reducing the amount of vertical scrolling by simplifying the text to be displayed; 6) reducing the number of users' keystrokes; 7) providing a quick way for users to know whether a search result points to a conventional HTML page or a small screened optimized page; 8) pre-processing conventional pages for better usability in small screen contexts; and 9) combining theoretical and empirical evaluation to gain further insights [9].
In order to deliver adaptive Web contents to mobile devices, researchers attempt to re-author web pages by means of presentation optimization, semantic conversion, or zooming, etc., which can be done at server side, intermediate side, or client side [11].
1) Re-authoring Web Pages at Server Sides
Server-side adaptation provides Web page authors maximum control over content delivery to mobile devices [11]. [12] reported a system which used the W3C's Document Object Model (DOM) API to generate an XML tree-like structure, as well as the Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformations (XSLT) to generate Wireless Markup Language (WML) and HTML content for display on mobile devices. This system could also adapt to users' dynamic contexts. [13] presented another system which could adapt multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client's mobile devices. In a scheme called InfoPyramid, content items on a Web page were transcoded into multiple resolution and modality versions, so that they could be rendered on different devices. Customers could select the best parameters from the InfoPyramids to meet the resource constraints of the client's devices while still guarantee the most “value” [13].
2) Re-authoring Web Pages at Intermediate Sides
Proxies typically apply intermediate adaptation [11]. Today, many of web page visualization efforts fall into this category. Without changing the layout of original web pages, [14] reduced the size of images which were larger than that of mobile screens and removed media which mobile devices did not support. [7] described a scaled-down version to fit the mobile devices screen. Images embedded in a web page and the Internet address bar were removed; and the font size of textual contents was adjusted by the user [7]. The focus+context visualization was also employed in the display of mobile Web. Users could choose what they are interested in with a large font size, while other information in the surrounding area can be displayed in a reduced font size [7].
Currently, Web page transcoding is a widely used approach. [7,15] applied a DOM tree generation and navigation technique for mobile Web interface. Content blocks with extracted labels and their relationships in a web page were automatically identified in the DOM tree. A Web page on mobile devices was represented as a hierarchical structure of content blocks. At the beginning, the highest level of a generated DOM tree was given to the user. If the user was interested in some sub-topics, s/he could click the node to expand it to the next level. Some researchers proposed to do a Web-page semantic segmentation based on a DOM tree [16,17], because they think DOM tree is in disorder in semantic sense. [17] applied type analysis based on the refined typing system to generate blocks.
[18] considered to split a Web page's structure into smaller but logically related units. A two-level hierarchy was used with a thumbnail representation at the top level to provide a global view and an index to a set of subpages at the bottom level for detailed information. [19] introduced heuristics for structure-aware Web transcoding which considered a Web page's structure and the relative importance of its components. [8] proposed to display a web page as a thumbnail view, but preserving the original page layout, so that users could identify the overall page structure and recognize pages they previously viewed. This method provides readable text fragments which allow users to disambiguate the desired information from similar looking areas. When users zoom in for the interesting information, the original unabbreviated version of the page will be shown. During the zooming operation, the thumbnail view and the detail views look similar, so that users can recognize the thumbnail view corresponding to the detail view [8]. [20,21] proposed to show Web pages in a modified original layout, where texts and images on a Web page are scaled to fit the display width. First, the size of the text relative to the rest of the page contents is modified and the browser viewport is limited. Second, a scaled down version of the whole page is overlaid with an indication of the current viewport at the top. Web contents can also be taken out of table cells and shown one after another in the order specified in markup files.
3) Re-authoring Web Pages at Client Sides
A client device can use style sheets to format contents in a browser [11]. For instance, the font size of textual contents can be adjusted by users [7]. Together with the above intermediate-side approaches, by storing user's operations with the DOM tree in a profile, the system could automatically generate a DOM-tree with branches expanded or hidden according to users' interests [7].
Along with the popularity of mobile Web search, Google's PDA mobile Web search interface differs from its XHTML interface in the following three main aspects [22]: 1) it only offers Web and Image searches; 2) it displays the same snippet as desktop search, and 3) no trancoding is performed before displaying a clicked link. In [23], the mobile search interface provided automatic search result categories to present the user with an overview of the result set. In addition, the interface utilized a focus+context method to help present the result list. Researchers have also proposed many novel approaches to mobile search by considering context information. [24] provided a novel interface which is well-adapted to the need of mobile users. They provided historical query and result selection data for users to navigate through on an interactive map-based interface.
Mobile devices and mobile Internet bring extremely challenging to mobile search. In order to understanding the needs of mobile search, many researchers [22,25,26] studied mobile search patterns. [25] conducted a large-scale study on English mobile queries from the US, Europe, and Asia, which were submitted from mobile devices using Yahoo!. They found the following characteristics of mobile queries. 1) Personal entertainment is the most popular queries, and users are searching for a broad category personal entertainment. 2) Mobile query pattern is still dynamic. 3) There exist meaningful variations in the regional query pattern in terms of the quantitative statistics. 4) There are interesting differences among users query of various search applications in terms of their topical interests of their queries. [25,26] examined wireless search patterns for a major carrier in the United States by analyzing Google search queries. Compared with their study in 2005, they found some interesting trends [26]. 1) Users type faster. 2) More queries had at least one click. 3) There are more explorations within one session. 4) Mobile queries are becoming less homogeneous. 5) There are more high-end devices. 6) The percentage ofqueries is increasing.
Compared with queries in desktop, research in [22] showed the diversity of queries in mobile environments was far less. This might be due to the enormous amount of efforts (in terms of time and key presses) needed for users to enter query terms, so that each session on mobile devices had significantly fewer queries than sessions initiated on the desktop [22].
Users for the most part tended to search similar contents as desktop queries, and the percentage ofqueries was vastly larger [22]. [22] also analyzed Google's XHTML search and Google's PDA search histories related to how and why typical users use mobile Web search, in order to better understand mobile search users. Google's PDA interface is similar to Google's XHTML interface [22], but it has the following three main differences. 1) The PDA interface only offers Web and Image searches; 2) The PDA interface displays the same snippet as desktop search. 3) No trancoding is performed before displaying a clicked link. In [23], the mobile search interface provided automatic search result categories to present the user with an overview of the result set. In addition, the interface utilized a focus+context method to help present the result list.
Researchers also have proposed many novel approaches to mobile search by considering context information. [27] proposed a query prediction system for helping enter a query. The system redefined the prediction dictionary after considering contextual signals, such as knowledge of the application being used and the location of the user. Combining context features, [24] provided a novel interface which is well-adapted to the need of mobile users. They provides historical query and result selection data for users to navigate through on an interactive map-based interface [24].
2.2 Text (Lengthy Document) Presentation
Two popular ways to view lengthy documents on small screens in the literature are Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) and Leading Format Presentation (LFP) [28,29]. 1) RSVP presents one or more text words at a time at a fixed location on the screen [30]. Two variants of RSVP, namely, Adaptive RSVP and Sonified RSVP, were detailed in [31,32]. Adaptive RSVP adjusts each text chunk exposure time with respect to content (e.g., the number of characters and words to be exposed) as well as to context (e.g., the result of content adaptation, the word frequencies of the words in the chunk, and the position of the chunk in sentence being exposed). Sonified RSVP plays appropriate sound when a certain text chunk is displayed. 2) LFP method scrolls the text in one line horizontally or vertically across the screen [29,30,31]. Considering that sentence boundary is important in reading, a sentence-oriented presentation manner was developed for a small window, which presented complete sentences one at a time [30].
In general, sentences can be read more accurately and more natural in the RSVP format than in the LFP format [32,33]. This is because when human's eyes process information during fixed gazes, it is more comfortable that the text moved successively rather than continuously. However, the experiments of [34] showed that comprehension for smooth scrolling times square was at least as high as that for RSVP at presentation rates ranging from 100 to 300 words per minute. [35] compared RSVP with three-line and ten-line LFP presentation method, and found out that readers favored the slower speed, and were equally satisfied with the three methods. But [35] supported the use of RSVP, because even with no experience with RSVP reading, participants were able to read just as accurately and were just as satisfied as the other two, and more participants were comfortable at faster speeds with RSVP than the others.
2.3 Image Presentation
To visualize data-intensive images on mobile devices, an intuitive solution is to compress and transcode images to reduce data transmission and processing. JPEG 2000 detailed a progressive transmission mechanism which allowed images to be reconstructed by different pixel accuracy or spatial resolution and be delivered to different target devices of different capabilities [36]. [37] introduced a non-uniform resolution presentation method, in which resolution was the highest at the fovea but falls off away from the fovea. [38] classified images according to image type and purpose, and transcoded images to adapt to the unique characteristics of the devices with a wide range of communication, processing, storage, and display capabilities, thus improving the delivery.
Besides treating an image as a whole, [39,40,41] proposed to separate region-of-interest and deliver the most important region to the small screen according to the human's attention model. They used RSVP presentation technique to simulate the attention shifting process, and noticed that there was an important psycho physiological activity - visual attention shifting. Image browsing on small devices could be improved by simulating the fixation and shifting process in a way similar to RSVP. An image was decomposed into a set of regions which were displayed serially, each for a brief period of time. [39] further described a generic and extensible image attention model based on three attributes (i.e., region of interest, attention value, and minimal perceptible size) associated with each attention object. [40,41] tried to find an optimal image browsing path based on the image attention model to simulate the human browsing behavior. [42] developed a level-of-detail technique to adapt tree and/or cluster images on mobile devices. For tree images designed to visualize a hierarchy of categories, small rectangles in deep layers can be merged into a single larger rectangle. When users tap a rectangle, the tapped one will be enlarged to occupy the whole screen. For cluster images, details of the cluster image including the spheres in the user groups are neglected, when the user is looking at an overview of the visual presentation.
2.4 Map Presentation
Maps play an important role in mobile location-based services. However, they are often too large to be fully displayed on mobile device screens [2]. To this end, [43] used 3D arrows to point towards the objects and by the side of the arrows, the information about distance and name of point objects was provided with text. The 3D arrows were semi-transparent for comfortable visual. City Lights [44] was another attempt to provide a lot of types of off-screen objects information in that direction. It placed along each of border of a window.“Halo” [45] and zooming [46] are two popular methods used in map navigation task, where zooming allows the user to continuously move in and out of level of detail by using distance to the plane, and “Halo” represented off-screen locations as abstract “streetlamps” with their lights on the map. The map was overlaid with translucent arcs, indicating the location of off-screen places. Each arc was part of a circular ring that surrounds one of the off-screen locations. The arcs on the map allowed viewers to recognize the missing off-screen parts, and let viewers understand its position in space well enough to know the location of the off-screen targets. [46] compared user performance between “Halo” and zooming methods. Their work shows that ``Halo" is helpful for low numbers of distracting targets, and zooming helps independently of the number of distracters. They hence suggest that the interface can combine the effect of these two methods, so that the joint performance keeps the desirable feature of the individual performance.
2.5 3-Dimensional Object Presentation
To visualize 3D model on mobile devices, Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Extensible 3D(X3D) allow a content developer to re-use a large collection of existing Web-Based 3D worlds in the mobile context and develop content for different platforms with the same tools [47]. For location-aware presentation of VRML contents on mobile devices, the user interface was divided into two parts: an upper area where the actual 3D world was visualized and a lower area providing status information and tools for users to navigate the 3D world, setting the system and moving the viewpoint [47]. [48,49] used an integrated camera to visually track physical mobile interaction. [48] provided a 3D interface which can track the movement of a target by analyzing the video stream of the handheld computer camera. The position of the target can directly be inferred from the color-codes that are printed on it [48]. [49] proposed an interaction technique that uses the position of the mobile device in relation to a tracked point as input, as it is believed that the possibility of using mixed interaction spaces is what distinguishes camera-based interaction from other types of sensor-based interaction on mobile devices.
2.6 Calendar Presentation
Showed an interesting fisheye calendar interface called DataLens on PDAs. On the interface[50,51], users could first have an overview of a large time period with a graphical representation of each day's activities. Then, users could tap on any day to expand the area representing that day and reveal the list of appointments in context [51]. The “semantic zooming” approach used in DataLens was utilized to visually represent objects differently depending on how much space is available for displaying. The graphical views were scaled to fit the available space, while the textual views used a constant-sized font, and the text was clipped to fit in the available space [51]. On the DataLens, four views (tiny view, agenda view, full day view, and appointment detail) are available.
There were also some work to explore the visualization of quantitative information on mobile devices. [52] used bars with colors to present negative and positive values, instead of splitting the scarce screen space into two smaller areas.
2.7 Database Presentation
Current approaches for desktop-based database interfaces fall into two categories, i.e., visual interfaces and keyword-based interfaces [53]. In the visual database interface category, visual query specification interfaces (e.g., QBE [54] and XQBE [55]) and forms-based query interfaces (e.g., GRIDS system [56] and FoXQ system [57]) have both received considerable attentions. In the keyword-based interface category, designers equip database systems with an IR-style keyword-based search interface and the systems automatically discover and display the hidden semantic structures that the keyword query carries [53].
However, for mobile devices with a much smaller display, users may feel too heavy and even unreadable when presented with a complete query result satisfying a query condition at one time, calling for new database presentation strategies in the mobile domain. [58] thus conducted a study on how to selectively and dynamically present database contents on small screens. Five selection strategies, namely, Context-based Selection, Context-Cluster-based Selection, Attribute-Cluster-based Selection, Frequency-Based Selection, and Recent Frequency-Based Selection, were designed in order to choose the most potentially useful attributes to be displayed on the screen. The two well-developed methods, i.e., leading format and serializing format for dynamically displaying database query results on small screens were employed. The five methods on both synthetic data and real data were evaluated. The context-based and context-cluster-based strategies were superior over the rest according to the average selection accuracy, while the context-based approach also cost the least selection time. The majority of the users in the experiment found the serial display manner more comfortable and helpful than the leading display manner to get their wanted information from the screen.
further designed a graphical database interface for mobile devices. In this method[59], as soon as a connection was made, the relations in the database were displayed on their interface. Initially, only “top-level” relations were shown, and for the sake of conserving screen space, a nested relation structure was imposed on non-nested database systems. On the interface, users could select any number of relations, and display all the possible join paths between them. The resulting join was displayed on an auxiliary screen, which showed the actual SQL query and the actual answer set for that query [59].
3 Information Presentation via Audio Channel
Given the hard-handling and limited screens, it is beneficial to make use of the speech channel of mobile devices. [60] illustrated a comprehensive list of reasons for audio output. First, voice is portrayed as the most naturalistic way to interact with a system, so speech interface is more natural for interaction. Second, speech interface helps increase interaction efficiency, because speech is faster than any other common communication method like typing and writing. Third, voice interaction avoids “hand-busy” and “eye-busy” operations which happen to the visual interface. Fourth, people tend to think that telephony network is often more trustworthiness than Web. Finally, speech interface can serve as a good input manner, where speech recognition avoids password input [60]. Ease-of-use and the speed of interaction are the two most important requirements for voice interface, and voice interface must be an integral part of the whole user interface of the device, but should not be overused due to the miss-recognition [61].
evaluated reading performance on mobile devices for both a handheld visual display and a speech-synthesis audio display. They found that the audio interface allowed users to better navigate their environment. These findings suggest that users may benefit from an audio display[62]. designed a multi-lingual speaker-dependent voice dialing user interface, which could support speech recognition and speech synthesis[61]. Users need not train the voice tag, and the interface system can generate the tag automatically. [63] offered a speech interface model, where users can use a single personalized speech interface to access all services and applications. This approach decreased the misunderstanding and miss-recognition of multiple appliances.
4 Information Presentation via Tactile Channel
Apart from visual and audio channels, tactile sensation can also be explored for information presentation. The experiments done in [64] showed that a touch-based user interface can provide the elderly an easy-to-learn user interface paradigm. In addition, by tactile feedback, we can reduce possible mobile interaction mistakes, since audio feedback is difficult to apply when the environment is noisy, and visual feedback is also difficult as users have to pay much attention to others and the screen is small. In face, users can feel the vibration with their fingers as they press the screen [65]. [66] did text entry experiments and showed that users with tactile user interface could enter significantly more text, made fewer errors, and corrected more errors they did make.
used paper metaphor to design the switching of scrolling and editing operations[67], where a touch sensor is attached to a PDA. In map or Web browser, when a user does not touch sensor, the screen scrolls according to the movement of the pen when dragging, and when touching, the screen does not scroll and edit while dragging. In the photograph browser, when the user does not touch the sensor, the screen also scrolls the photograph, but when touching, if dragging the pen upward, the photograph is zoomed in; and if downward, the photograph is zoomed out. Dragging the pen left to right invokes clockwise rotation, and right to left invokes counter clockwise rotation [67].
Sometimes, it is necessary to switch among different user interaction modes on mobile devices. [68] outlined five switching ways between ink and gesture modes for a pen interface. Those mode switching techniques are “Pressing Barrel Button”, “Press and Hold”, “Using Non-Preferred Hand”, “Pressure-Based Mode Switching” and “Using the Eraser End of a Pen” [68].
5 Others
Except the above approaches, researches tried some novel methods to help mobile interface design. Considering that users often repeat certain tasks when they use mobile phone, [26] used shortcuts for these repetitive tasks. Some methods of producing shortcuts are evaluated, such as last performed, most frequent, C4.5 decision tree, Native-Bayes Base, and etc. They illustrated that the hybrid approach combining frequency and Native-Bayes approaches exhibits potentials for mobile device user interface.
6 Conclusion
In this survey paper, we gave an overview of recently developed techniques for mobile information presentation through the visual, audio, and tactile channels of mobile devices. The multiple presentation strategies compromise with each other to contribute the easy and convenient use of mobile devices.
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展示技術范文第3篇
第6屆手機國際展會于3月26-28日在北京舉行。此次展會以“亞洲和手機通信”為主題，吸引了眾多手機產業的中外相關企業參展，其中，日本廠商多達50家，村田制作所(muRata)就是其中之一。該公司主要展示的是泛網通信和汽車電子產品。另外，最令人注目的是具有鮮明特色的、集其優勢產品與技術于一身的產物，即會騎自行車的機器人――村田頑童。
村田制作所的工程師演示了村田頑童的獨特技藝：以超低速在平衡木上行駛而不會倒下，平衡木的寬度與村田頑童的車輪相同。它不倒的原因在于配置在鞍形支架下的陀螺傳感器，只要感覺到一絲晃動，就會檢測出車體的傾斜，一旦檢測出自行車的傾斜，即通過旋轉村田頑童心中的大輻板，產生消除傾斜的力。如此反復，以調節平衡。通過收發命令的藍牙模塊、用于電眼照相機的透光性陶瓷透鏡、電池、電源模塊、電容器、電磁干擾濾波器等部件，以及該公司的控制技術、電路設計方法、軟件工具等實現了這種能力。所以，村田頑童是該公司優勢技術與產品的整和產物。其中，最為突出的就是陶瓷電容器、陀螺傳感器、噪聲消除元器件和藍牙模塊。目前，村田制作所的陶瓷電容器已經占據35％的全球市場份額，噪聲消除元器件也有30%的市場占有率。此外，其藍牙模塊也在手機中得到了廣泛的應用，并且開始計劃向在過去兩年里創造了便攜式音頻播放器市場神話的iPod方向發展。
村田制作所還以“車體控制、安全、舒適、信息化”為切入點，重點介紹了其在汽車市場上的綜合應對能力以及產品和技術，特別是傳感器，該公司將主要面向汽車間距感測、氣囊等安全系統力推新品。同時，車身控制和導航應用也是其傳感器的重點發展方向。該公司的振動陀螺傳感器采用壓電陶瓷制造，并融合了最新的MEMS技術，通過獨特的振蕩子結構，實現了較強的抗振和抗沖擊能力，結合其穩定的溫度特性，可為汽車導航系統的高性能化提供保證。
另外，實現泛網通信也是村田制作所一直追求的目標，特別是以手機、DVD錄像機、筆記本電腦等信息家電為中心，集中展示了他們的相關產品和技術。該公司在移動通信用濾波器的小型化方面具有一定的特色。它們的GIGAFIL介質濾波器與初期型號產品相比，實現了1/2000的小型化。而為將同樣的功能從介質濾波器轉換到表面波(SAW)濾波器而開發的SAW收發器具有更小的體積，順應了移動電話小型化的發展潮流。
村田制作所企劃管理集團宣傳部部長大島幸男表示：“我們今后將有3個重點發展方向，即無線通信、傳感器和節能。此次展出的產品和技術，特別是村田頑童，對整個產業的各個領域都有很大的應用和借鑒價值。”
展示技術范文第4篇
【關鍵詞】博物館 數字化展覽 展示技術
博物館是國家和地區進行文化和文物保護的重要途徑，其作用主要體現在對文物的展示以及相關知識的教育和傳播上。博物館作為人類社會中的一種文化傳播形式，其特點也在隨著社會的發展而不斷發生著深刻的變化。近年來數字技術的發展為博物館的功能完善提供了有效的途徑和良好的工具。數字技術在博物館建設管理中的應用不僅提高了展覽的觀賞性、藝術性，還能使各項工作的組織更加的協調、安全、有序，為參觀者帶來更好的感官享受，同時也進一步提高文化宣傳和教育的效果。博物館的數字化展示主要是通過算機技術的應用將博物館中的實體文物轉換成相應的虛擬信息，參觀者可以根據自己的需求選擇合適的信息進行瀏覽，這樣不僅提高了博物館的工作效率，還能更好的體現服務的人性化和多樣化，完善了博物館的功能。
1 博物館展示設計的產生與發展
博物館興起于18世紀的工業革命以后。在當時人們已經初步認識到了博物館對文化教育與宣傳的作用，并開始利用博物館進行一些歷史文化知識的學習。博物館在發展初期主要發揮了教育功能。為了更好的擴大其影響，很多博物館逐漸將藏品與存儲藏品的庫房進行分開設置，這樣就能騰出更多的空間進行藏品的展示。這就是最初的博物館展示。從20世紀初期開始，博物館的發展方式開始產生一定的變化。自然科學博物館首先在英國出現。這種博物館改變了傳統的藏品陳列方式，在傳統的文字說明基礎上開始增加了相應的圖片、圖解以及模型對藏品進行更加深入的介紹。隨后，英國的自然科學博物館又最早開始使用標準化的博物館陳列柜，并對陳列柜的材質進行了嚴格的篩選，以確保更大的儲物空間[1]。到了21世紀，博物館的發展向著更加多樣化、人性化和數字化的方向發展。博物館屬于社會的非盈利機構，其主要的功能是向大眾展示一些文物以及這些文物背后所包含的文化意蘊和內涵。博物館中的藏品不僅是歷史遺跡，也是人類文明發展的見證。現代博物館博物館的建設還是一門綜合性的學科，結合了心理學、建筑學、美學等多個領域。博物館還具有很強的研究和學術價值，是信息交流和傳播的重要途徑。與此同時，博物館也是權威的機構，能夠為大眾提供最為專業性的文物知識，因此，博物館也具有普及教育的功能。
2 博物館展示的特點
2.1 博物館展示信息傳遞的載體
進行博物館展示設計的主要目的是為了促進信息傳遞的效果和效率。從這一層面上來說，展示設計的實質是一種信息傳播的媒介。信息的傳播是需要有一個完善的系統的，并不是簡單的信息接收和傳遞，在這一過程中還需要對信息進行相應的處理和加工。而展示設計就是通過各種媒體的應用為信息的傳遞創建這樣一個體系，并引導參觀者參與到信息傳播的過程中，以體驗的方式對信息進行直觀的感受。計算機技術以及信息技術的發展使得數字技術成為了博物館信息傳播過程中的重要環節。當前許多新建成的博物館都是數字技術與信息技術結合的產物，在實際應用的過程中也展現出了良好的效果。
2.2 博物館展示設計是多學科交叉的綜合體
現代的博物館展示設計是多個學科交叉綜合的產物，其中涉及的學科包括傳播學、建筑學、美學、社會學等。現代博物館將藝術與科技進行了完美的融合，有效的汲取了各個學科的精髓，又在此基礎上形成了其自身的特點和發展規律。
2.3 博物館展示的交互性
展示是博物館進行知識和文化傳播的主要途徑，也是實現與參觀者互動的一種方式。要形成良好互動的關鍵在于溝通的有效性。要形成一個良好的溝通，必須滿足三個要求。首先，信息必須有良好的針對性。面對不同的溝通對象時，所采用的信息內容和形式也是有所不同的。其次，在信息溝通的過程中需要根據反饋對信息進行及時的調整。最后，溝通的過程必須是雙向的，只有這樣才能確保良好的溝通效果。在進行博物館的展示設計時，首先要考慮的是信息溝通的對象是誰，其次需要根據溝通的對象選擇合適的溝通方式，以達到理想的溝通效果，實現信息與參與者之間良好的互動。
3 博物館展覽方式的類型和設計特點
3.1 從觀眾感官行為上分類
從感官上劃分，博物館的類型可以分為視覺符號的傳遞以及聽覺符號的傳遞兩種類型。博物館中有很多藏品都是通過視覺信息進行傳遞的，包括圖片、文字、雕塑、視頻等。除了視覺符號外，聽覺符號也是博物館中信息傳遞的重要方式之一，例如許多藏品前都會有語音提示，這是通過紅外裝置感知參觀者的位置，當參觀者位于展示品的附近時就能自動產生語音提示。多種形式的感官符號極大的豐富了信息傳遞的途徑，也能提高展品展示的效果。
3.2 從展示內容上分類
博物館的展示內容主要有兩種類型，分別是實體展品為中心以及媒介信息為中心的展覽方式。以實體展品為中心的展覽方式是最為傳統的。這種展覽方式將展品以最客觀直接的方式呈現在參觀者面前，沒有過多的說明，觀眾主要通過對展品的觀察和欣賞來形成自己對展品的理解。當前，我國大多是博物館仍然采用這種傳統的展覽方式。這種展覽方式的特點是展品以實物為主，在展覽的過程中展品就是重點和中心。這種展覽方式能夠充分的體現展品自身的價值和意義，并將展品內涵以最完整、原始的方式呈現出來。觀眾通過視覺、聽覺等感官對展品進行直觀的感受。
第二種展覽方式是以媒介信息為中心的展覽方式。信息技術、數字技術的發展使得網絡平臺在博物館中的應用日益廣泛，同時也為媒介信息為中心的展覽方式發展奠定了基礎。通過數字媒體技術的應用，能夠為參觀者建立一個既具有空間引導意義，又具有信息自動展示的綜合服務系統。隨著信息技術的進一步發展和普及，信息技術在未來也將成為博物館建設過程中的核心技術。博物館本身作為信息傳播的重要方式，也具有很大的價值，以媒介信息為中心的展覽方式在實體展品的基礎上提供了更加豐富的展示形式，能夠更好的體現出博物館的文化底蘊，凸顯博物館的教育意義。
3.3 從物的表現方式上分類
物的表現方式有很多種，主要的類型包括劇情發展展覽方式、場景陳列展覽方式、形式對比展覽方式、重點陳列展覽方式、聚集陳列展覽方式等。這幾種展覽方式各有其特點。劇情展覽方式是將整個博物館的展覽過程看成一個開端、發展、、結尾的劇情發展過程[3]。簡單的來說，劇情發展展覽方式就是將展品通過講故事的方式介紹給觀眾。這種展覽方式不僅顯得邏輯清晰有條理，而且具有較強的趣味性，能夠幫助參觀者對博物館的展品形成系統性的了解。一般歷史革命博物館、地方志博物館都會采用這種展覽方式，將歷史事件通過劇情的方式串聯起來，讓參觀者根據一定的時間或邏輯順序進行參觀。
第二種是場景陳列展覽方式。這種展覽方式一般是通過選取某一事件，采用雕塑、模型等方式進行展品的展示。選取出來的事件一般具有較強的代表性，對參觀者有較大的吸引力和感染力。例如，大慶石油博物館就選取了“王進喜打井”這一耳熟能詳的事件，以王進喜打井的工具以及其日常生活中的工具作為主要的陳列對象，將當時打井的景象進行了重現，并通過聲、光、電等效果進行藝術的渲染。
第三種展覽方式是形式Ρ日估婪絞健3S玫畝員確絞槳括古今對比、新舊對比、色彩對比等方式。這種對比的展示形式能夠給觀眾留下更加直觀的感受和深刻的印象。大英博物館在進行雕塑的展示時就采用了這種方式，通過巨型雕塑和小型浮雕的對比讓參觀者感受到展品的魅力。
第四種展覽方式是重點陳列展覽方式。這種展覽方式一般應用于主題博物館的展示上，展覽的過程圍繞一個主題展開，根據主題突出展示的重點。例如，常州的中華恐龍園博物館就采用了重點陳列展覽的方式，將恐龍作為展示的重點，根據不同時代、不同類型對展品進行了分類。
3.4 從交互方式上分類
博物館在與觀眾進行溝通時最重要的手段是展品的展示，而交互作為信息溝通的主要渠道，承擔著主要的信息傳達功能。信息的傳遞是由傳遞對象、傳遞渠道、雙向溝通這三個方面組成的。在進行博物館的設計時需要從人、物、場景、時空這幾個方面入手，做好這幾個方面要素的協調與統籌，為參觀者提供多感官的體驗，實現與信息的積極互動。博物館的信息傳遞并不是簡單的信息收發，而是具備信息處理和調整功能的互動式傳遞。強調交互式的信息傳遞方式能夠將以往以展品為主的被動參觀模式轉變為以參觀者需求為主體的主動參觀模式，更好的調動參觀者主動參與的意識。例如，上海的科技博物館建造了一個可以模擬地震效果的電動盒子，置于這個盒子中可以讓觀眾身臨其境的體會到不同震級地震的感受，這種直觀的體會比大量的文字和圖解演說更加的有效。
第二種類型是空間交互展覽方式。博物館的展示空間分為實體空間、虛擬空間、心理空間等三個方面。通過對博物館的空間進行劃分可以引起參觀者在心理上的變化，從而與展覽的環境形成一定的互動，建立一定的聯系。人與環境的互動可以加強環境在人心理上的感染力。
第三種形式是數字智能交互展覽的方式。數字技術的應用催生了一系列數字博物館的產生，如虛擬博物館、網絡博物館等。數字博物館為參觀者提供了更大的選擇空間，他們可以根據自己的需求和喜好選擇合適的參觀方式。在數字博物館中，用戶也能得到與實體博物館中相類似的感官體驗，可以說數字博物館是對實體博物館的一種重要的補充，而且在過程上更加的便捷、快速。
4 博物館中數字化展示技術的應用研究
4.1 靜態平面數字展示技術
靜態平面數字展示技術一般是借助照相機、掃描儀等設備對博物館里的實體展品進行拍攝或掃描，然后通過處理軟件對相應的圖像進行裁剪、修改與美化處理，最后將其轉化為數字圖像信息。在博物館展覽中，靜態平面數字展示技術的具體應用包括：（1）博物館可以借助靜態平面數字展示技術將一些展品更加清洗的呈現在觀眾面前；（2）數字展示技術可以解決實物展覽中的一些缺陷和不足，大大增加博物館資源的利用率；（3）由于一些非常珍貴的物品極易受到空氣的氧化從而出現破壞，此時可以借助該技術有效解決問題。
4.2 靜態立體數字展示技術
博物館展覽中通過靜態立體數字展示技術可以對館藏資源進行有效的呈現，其一般可以借助三維軟件對藏品進行實物建模，隨后通過Maya、3DMAX等計算機處理軟件對立方體、球體等常見幾何元素進行針對性的平移、旋轉、拉伸等操作，進而構建出一個所需要的立體場景。通過專門的設備儀器對展品的具體結構數據進行詳細的測量，對每個展品的表面采樣點進行系統的采集，從而獲取三維空間坐標，通過數字化可以實現展品立體化數字展示。靜態立體數字展示技術與多種數字化圖形處理技術結合在一起，可以將一些傳統幾何建模更加逼真的呈現出來。
4.3 動態平面的數字展示技術
動態平面技術主要有數字化平面交互技術、數字化二維動畫技術、數字化影視媒體技術。其中FLASH動畫是數字化二維動畫技術最為典型的技術；Authorware是數字化平面交互技術中較為典型的技術。越來越多的博物館開始對自身的網絡信息系統進行不斷的補充和完善，從而將一些無法展示的展品借助投影、觸摸屏等數字展示技術更好的呈現在觀眾面前，進一步增加館內資源的科普教育、教學展示。
4.4 動態空間的數字展示技術
動態空間主要是指三維數字動畫技術，其一般是借助計算機軟件設置和設定展品的尺寸，從而構建出展品的三維立體模型。然后還可以根據展品的實際情況來設定模型的攝像頭、運行軌跡、展示場景及光線材質，最終就可以得到我們所需要的三維立體動畫。目前，常見的3D軟件主要有Maya和3DMax，其一般是借助三維數字動畫技術來講館藏中一些實物展品信息更好的呈現在觀眾面前，以達到預期的展覽效果。
5 結語
在21世紀的今天，數字技術與網絡技術的結合在現實生活中的應用日益廣泛，數字技術強大的虛擬現實功能能夠在網絡空間中為用戶提供仿真的三維展示效果，將實體展示與虛擬展示有效的結合起來，為博物館的發展開辟了新的方向。
參考文獻：
[1]嚴允.博物館中的數字化展覽及展示技術研究[J].文藝生活?文藝理論，2015（08）：35-37.
展示技術范文第5篇
申請號：201410138359.5
類型：發明
申請人：北京威爾泰特數控設備有限公司
項目簡介
法蘭（Flange），又叫法蘭凸緣盤，凡是在兩個平面周邊使用螺栓連接同時封閉的連接零件，一般都稱為“法蘭”。法蘭盤是在生產生活中大量使用的標準件之一。我國是世界上主要的法蘭盤生產地，具有龐大的產業群，其中北京威爾泰特數控設備有限公司可提供自主研發的數控法蘭盤專用機床，用于法蘭盤的高效率生產，提升生產企業在行業的競爭力。
北京威爾泰特數控設備有限公司是專業從事高效率數控專用機床研發、制造的公司，是新型的技術創新企業，為制造業提供合適的裝備。經過多年的發展，公司取得了系列優異成績，也得到了政府的認可與支持，技術研發實力強大。
該公司發明的法蘭盤制造裝置，在以計算機數字控制（CNC）系統為核心、集成自動化控制技術的電氣控制系統控制下完成法蘭盤零件所需的全部機械加工內容，并在法蘭盤的外圓打印相應的標識。相較于傳統的制造方法，具有以下優勢：1、工藝緊湊，減少設備數量。在一臺設備上即可完成原來需要5臺以上的設備才能完成的工作；2、機械加工車間廠房需求減少，節省廠房建設投資；3、減少工人數量，大幅度降低人工成本；4、大幅度降低工人勞動強度；5、易于實現一個工人看守多臺設備，進一步降低人工成本；6、設備適合 24 小時連續工作，有利于產量的穩定提高；7、節省能源；8、減少工序間物流轉運成本以及減少工序間轉運造成的工件損壞；9、提高工件加工精度；10、提高工件質量的一致性。
近年來，研制成功的多種類型設備的實際應用，有力地促進了回轉支承以及風力發電軸承制造技術的發展，提升高精度軸承的制造能力，形成了多項專用技術。
面對不斷發展的科技產業，該公司將繼續秉持著“艱苦奮斗、務真求實、能拼善創、追求卓越”的核心精神，以“優質、高效、誠信、共贏”的理念，保持國內領先地位，打造法蘭盤制造行業的民族品牌。
合作方式：技術轉讓；技術許可；創業融資；股權融資
一種可調式限流節水水龍頭
專利號：ZL 201420081413.2
類型：實用新型
專利權人：李連慶
項目簡介
現在大部分工廠及公共場所安裝在洗手盤上的水龍頭手柄，開關活動角度是在90°―360°，這些水龍頭出水量大。其實洗手時往往不需要如此大的出水量，加上人們“一開即開最大”的使用習慣，又或者是在擦洗手液時也不關閉水龍頭，導致洗手過程中50%左右的水是浪費掉的。市面上有不少出水量較小、可節約用水的感應式及延時式等水龍頭，但這些水龍頭的價格都比較昂貴，且后續維修量大，一般工廠及公共場所安裝后較容易損壞。
該發明人針對現在工廠及公共場所的實際使用情況及人們的使用習慣，經過多年實踐研究，研發了一種適用于工廠和一些公共場所的可以控制水龍頭最大出水量的可調式限流節水水龍頭。主要是由水龍頭本體、水龍頭柱、節水環、固環螺絲和水龍頭扳手構成，水龍頭柱與水龍頭本體固定連接，節水環呈環狀，節水環設有上固環螺絲的螺絲孔和一凹口朝上的節水環凹槽，節水環套在水龍頭柱上，水龍頭扳手設在水龍頭柱的上方，水龍頭扳手的下部設有卡在節水環凹槽里的扳手凸頭。固環螺絲為六角螺絲，與固環螺絲嵌合的固環螺絲刀呈“L”形。節水環外徑為30mm，節水環凹槽深度為1.3mm。
該水龍頭的特點為：1、每個水龍頭可按當時使用情況而調節出水量，做到按需給水，也可用于臨時關閉（如維修或防止小孩玩水時）；2、平行出水量。如：一排并列幾個或多個水龍頭同時使用的、前面的出水量可調小一些，避免前面的很大水，后面的很小水或無水；3、調節方便，松開固環螺絲后，便可以調節節水環，讓節水環圍繞水龍頭柱水平轉動，來設定扳手凸頭可以轉動的最大值，也就是設定水龍頭扳手能打開到最大的狀態（最大出水量），最大的狀態可以根據客戶的不同需要、不同場合來自由設定。很適用于工廠和一些公共場所，調節好節水環可以控制水龍頭的最大出水量，進而達到強制性節約用水的目的。4、外表美觀，結構簡單，生產方便，材料成本低，節水效果明顯，有利于廣泛推廣。
合作方式：技術轉讓；許可生產
一種改良結構的單缸雙作用往復式活塞泵
申請號：201310493644.4
類型：發明
申請人：鐘小玉
項目簡介
該活塞泵是在申請人多年實踐經驗積累的基礎上研究發明而成，其優點：泵體內有自動循環裝置，如果出口閥未打開或出口管道被堵死時，泵繼續在運轉，泵體內的流體壓力繼續升高，升高到設定壓力或超過時，循環裝置會自動打開，流體在活塞腔與進口腔之間循環運轉，所以泵零件和電機不會超負荷或損壞，保證安全運轉；進、出口閥組件取消了彈簧、閥片，大大提高了進、出口閥的使用壽命，噪音明顯降低，此改革在國內屬于首創；自緊式密封結構密封效果好，使用壽命長；往復式驅動裝置結構簡單、磨擦少、能耗低、制造方便、材料省、造價低、安裝、修理方便，替代傳統的曲軸連桿傳動，是往復傳動的一項大改革；單缸雙作用能耗低，震動少，噪音低，符合國家倡導的節能環保政策，一旦深入開發，廣泛應用，將帶來良好的經濟和社會效益。
合作方式：技術轉讓
人物簡介
該申請人鐘小玉畢業于浙江烏溪江化工學院，化工機械專業，50多年來一直從事本專業工作。在工作期間，多項改革都獲得良好的效果和獎勵，如320公斤大氣壓的4M8K2高壓機油的冷卻裝置，離心機油的冷卻裝置離心泵的機械密封、320公斤大氣壓的循環壓縮機的無油等項目的改革，都取得了良好的經濟和社會效益。該申請人設計的單缸雙作用往復活塞泵（專利號：ZL201320647713.8）、自緊式密封結構（專利號：ZL 201320647725.0）、 往復式驅動裝置（專利號：ZL201320647670.3）都獲得了專利證書，且已公開。
空氣水農業系統
專利號：ZL201320649843.5
類型：實用新型
專利權人：清華大學 北京田園蘭德科技有限責任公司
項目簡介
如果水資源短缺問題能夠得以解決，未來的沙漠地區可望變成人類的糧食和能源基地。空氣水農業系統就是針對該問題設計的一個綜合考慮能量、水分和植物生長的可持續農業系統。該系統的原理是利用農業溫室等設施防止植物蒸騰和蒸發的氣態水直接進入大氣環境；利用氣態水回收裝置對農業溫室及環境空氣中的氣態水進行回收和液化，所得液態水再進入農田供作物生長。
該系統的創新點是在田間尺度實現農業生產用水的循環利用。其核心思想是利用局地環境中能量不平衡所造成的溫度差來直接利用空氣中的水汽和回收蒸發與蒸騰出來的農業耗水，這樣可以在水資源消耗量極低的條件下完成農業生產。因此在未來的農業生產中，水資源有可能不再是一個限制因素。沙漠中的太陽能豐富，將太陽能生產與農業生產相結合，可將沙漠變成農業和能源生產新基地，從根本上解決目前存在的糧食安全和生態環境等問題。目前正在騰格里沙漠試驗進行試驗和驗證。該技術是由清華大學與北京田園蘭德科技有限責任公司聯合發明，清華大學目前由地球系統科學研究中心的喻朝慶負責，北京田園蘭德科技有限責任公司主要由尹華負責。
合作方式：創業融資
電話控制的電動門鎖
專利號：ZL201420109205.9
類型：實用新型
專利權人：付方安
項目簡介
該鎖借助于手機電話這樣普及而又成熟和尖端的平臺，采用低端下崗的手機電話，作接收信號之用，操作簡單與正常使用手機電話一樣，稍加改裝處理，插上SIM電話卡、插上電源就行。利用手機電話接收到來電信號，經處理芯片，驅動繼電器開關，使微型電機開始工作。該鎖機機械部位最大特點是結構簡單、無故障，抗縱向、橫向暴力強。其結構簡單，機械強度高，無需鑰匙，無法從室外破解，安全性高，并且較為經濟地實現遠程控制房門開，且已研制出二代模型。
合作方式：技術轉讓、技術入股、面議
全功能護理床
專利號：ZL201320821882.9
類型：實用新型
專利權人：車以能
項目簡介
該全功能護理床是在申請人多年知識積累的基礎上，經過多年實踐研究而得，主要由頭架、背架、臀板、腿板、腳板、底架和床身七大部分功能結構組成。該護理床除了具有傳統電動護理床的電控翻背、左右翻身、坐臥躺姿態調整、飯桌等功能之外，還具有電控便孔板開閉、便盆進出、溫水噴淋清洗臀部、暖風烘干臀部及相應的音響報警提示功能，此外還可方便的實現洗頭、泡腳甚至洗澡。因此，該產品是一個功能全、傻瓜型的護理床，可為解決醫院、老人居家養老、癱患者、長期臥床者生存、健康、護理提供理想方案，很大地方便病患者及陪護人。
合作方式：專利權轉讓
通信基站發電機計時方法及裝置
專利號：ZL 201110274964.1
類型：發明
專利權人：李小平
項目簡介
該通信基站發電機計時裝置包括：第一接觸器、第二接觸器、發電機、基站用電設備、發電機啟動熄火裝置、計時器、監控設備、集中監控機房，繼電器K1的線圈K1.1，其兩個常閉觸點為K1.2、K1.3，市電指示燈L1，故障指示燈L2，發電指示燈L3。
該發明的工作原理：外電斷電（停電）發電人員啟動發電機發電時，發電計時器開始計時，當外電接通后（來電），發電計時器停止計時。通過安裝基站發電計時器，準確統計出基站實際發電時長，每月通過發電計時器統計的發電時長與發電人員登記的發電時長對比，對發電人員超出發電計時器統計時長部分不予結算。該發明通過繼電器和計時器實現了在市電斷電后對發電機實際發電時間計時的功能，達到了及時、準確掌握實際發電情況的目的，有效的控制了代維人員瞞報虛報發電時間以及發電人員在市電來電后油機仍然運轉導致的油料浪費，降低了基站發電費用成本。
合作方式：技術轉讓
一種溫度實時顯示式手機
專利號：ZL201420020780.1
類型：實用新型
專利權人：陳述尚
項目簡介
該多功能手機屬于新型功能結構的移動電話系列，其創新點：通過在人們日常使用的手機頂端中嵌入式設置溫度傳感器以感測手機所處地點的環境溫度，并將信號傳遞給信號處理單元，信號處理單元經轉換后通過電路板傳送給處理芯片，在人們按下手機按鍵中的確認鍵打開手機屏幕時，顯示屏閃亮的同時將顯示出儲存的數字溫度。該技術具有以下優勢：一是無需使用溫度計等工具，即可知道當前地點、當前時刻的溫度；二是隨時隨地打開手機即能看到實時溫度，方便實用、快捷簡便；三是產品設計結構簡單，原理可靠，制造成本低；四是顯示溫度速度快，準確度高，集創新、實用、方便于一身，具有良好的市場前景和經濟效益。
合作方式：專利權轉讓
一種藥枕
專利號：ZL201420212814.7
類型：實用新型
專利權人：王斌
項目簡介
該藥枕，包括枕芯、藥枕包、枕套，藥枕包的內部填充藥物，且內部設置多個彈性按摩條，枕芯連接藥枕包，枕套包裹在枕芯和藥枕包的外部，藥枕包內部的彈性按摩條為2-4cm的乳膠條或記憶海綿條。通過藥枕包內部的多個彈性按摩條保證了使用者的頭部不會對藥物產生直接擠壓，藥物不會從枕著頭部的位置往旁邊移動，提高了使用者的舒適度，也保證了藥枕的藥效充分發揮，該藥枕原料易得、成本低、使用方便、適用范圍廣，一旦深入推廣將帶來良好的經濟效益。
合作方式：創業融資；股權融資
一種便攜式空氣水中過濾器
專利號：ZL201420280962.2
類型：實用新型
專利權人：羅學哲
項目簡介
該產品避免了被污染的空氣吸入人體后對人們的身體造成損害的缺點，提供了一種便攜式空氣水中過濾器。其特點：外界的空氣從進氣腔的進氣口進入后，通過與空氣流入口連接的導氣管進入到儲水箱底部。儲存在儲水箱內的水對進入的空氣進行凈化，空氣上升過程中，濾網再次對空氣進行凈化，凈化后的空氣經出氣腔的空氣流出口及頂部的出氣口排出，后續人們可通過導管吸入出氣口排出的凈化空氣。該裝置通過水、濾網對空氣進行凈化，具有結構簡單、使用方便、成本低等優點。
合作方式：創業融資；股權融資
SLBB復合益生菌制劑的研制與應用
申請號：201410092796.8
類型：發明
申請人：湛江德生物工程有限公司
項目簡介
SLBB 復合益生菌制劑是根據益生菌的特效功能，按優缺互補的原則，優選十幾種菌種，以不同菌種的繁殖生長率、用量，配制不同的培養基，分別進行擴大繁殖，均達到所需量時，按最合適的比例調配，進行終端復合發酵。SLBB 復合益生菌制劑終端復合發酵工藝先進，其優勢：（1）車間達到所需要的潔凈度和可調節發酵溫度；（2）制作聯通罐進行發酵，這種發酵方法不但節約能源、省勞動力，而且減少了產品污染環節、有效成分均勻、產品效果好。目前由于資金缺乏還不能大規模產業化生產，一旦深入推廣將帶來良好的經濟效益。
合作方式：創業融資；股權融資
一種以桃樹枝為主要原料制造紙的方法
申請號：201410297998.6
類型：發明
申請人：劉二保
項目簡介
1、桃木紙生產原料：桃樹春秋剪下來的廢枝，檀木皮，龍須草。桃樹皮100公斤可生產10公斤木漿。檀樹皮50公斤可產10公斤木漿。龍須草50公斤可生產15公斤木漿。三種原料按比例加起來1公斤漿出0.9公斤紙。手工造紙共用水5噸，機械造紙共用水20噸。手工造紙的用水量是機械造紙的用水量的1/4，可減少廢水排放量，利于環保。
2、廢枝變廢為寶，增加農民收入，一畝地桃樹可增加500元的收入，激發農民大量栽培桃樹，有助于防風治沙，減少對成材樹的破壞，起到綠化環保效果。
3、桃木皮本身具有殺蟲解毒的功效。手工造紙只用兩種化學原料：漂白液，燒堿。新制造的紙存放一段時間，可將兩種化學原料自然揮發，成為純天然紙，可用于食品包裝紙，衛生巾，衛生紙，紙杯等，讓人用上更安全健康的生活紙。還可用作春聯，剪紙，書畫等，具有搭筆更清晰，逼真感更強等特效，用桃木紙做春聯傳承了我國傳統文化，寓意全家幸福快樂。
合作方式：股權融資
手扶拖拉機用田邊犁
專利號：ZL201420206777.9
類型：實用新型
專利權人：陳金數
項目簡介
該手扶拖拉機用田邊犁主要包括犁架、犁刀和連接架組成。犁刀設有三組，安裝在犁架的下部。在犁架的上部設有用于固定犁架的連接架，犁架包括三根橫桿和四根豎桿，第二橫桿和第二豎桿垂直連接，留出可放置車輪的空隙。該產品能夠保證在犁地的過程中車輪碾過的田邊、中型田塊里使用旋耕機時留下的田邊等都可犁到，從實際應用情況來看，不會出現死角，特別適用于面積較小的土地。同時，整體結構簡單、造價較低，具有便于推廣的優點。針對目前中國墾地日益減少的情況，一旦深入推廣，在減輕農民負擔的同時也能提高農作物產量，將給國家和人民帶來良好的經濟和社會效益。
注：項目方可提供該犁的說明書、圖紙、實物等。
合作方式：技術轉讓
自行車防盜鎖
專利號：ZL201420450352.2
類型：實用新型
專利權人：石家莊固牌鎖業有限公司
項目簡介
現在自行車、摩托車和電動車被盜現象非常嚴重，主要原因在于自行車防盜鎖均是由鎖體和鎖桿連接而成，這種鎖桿不易被折斷，但是其在外的鎖眼部位很難防范采用撬、剪、捅等盜車的方式攻擊，很容易被撬開，從而使鎖具失效和車輛被盜。
